Saturday, October 17, 2020

Leviticus 22:17-33 comments: freewill offering regulations for the ancient Hebrews

 

Leviticus 22:17 ¶  And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 18  Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them, Whatsoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the LORD for a burnt offering; 19  Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats. 20  But whatsoever hath a blemish, that shall ye not offer: for it shall not be acceptable for you. 21  And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein. 22  Blind, or broken, or maimed, or having a wen, or scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the LORD, nor make an offering by fire of them upon the altar unto the LORD. 23  Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted. 24  Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land. 25  Neither from a stranger’s hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you. 26  And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 27  When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD. 28  And whether it be cow or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day. 29  And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the LORD, offer it at your own will. 30  On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it until the morrow: I am the LORD. 31  Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am the LORD. 32  Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Israel: I am the LORD which hallow you, 33  That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD.

 

It is reinforced here that no one, not a Hebrew or a foreigner among them, is to offer any animal as a sacrifice that has any defect. These defects were a sign of the fall, a token of the corruption of sin and the judgment on the world because of it. This goes to show us that man’s sin, his rebellion against God produced a response of judgment upon all creation including beasts that were innocent. Your sin carries with it consequences that affect the innocent, the guiltless, the blameless. You and I bear that responsibility, that burden, and justice for our wickedness is served only by trusting Christ and His righteousness and not our own for salvation. The next time you see a Down Syndrome child or a calf born deformed remember why that is and mourn for sin’s very existence longing for that blessed day when Christ returns to make these crooked ways straight.

Although commentators usually don’t mention this or have conflicting views as to why beasts cannot be sacrificed until they are 8 days old and why a female animal and its mother are not to be sacrificed on the same day I thought that in keeping with the overall context of Leviticus it would seem that these could either show something about Canaanite religion or, as a male human baby was to be circumcised on the 8th day, being committed to God, so was this a parallel with an animal being committed to God in that time frame.

I reviewed some scholarly papers on Ancient Near Eastern religion and animal sacrifice and was unable to come up with much detail on the age at which an animal could be sacrificed by the heathen although the information may be out there if I did a more thorough search. The parallel between an animal being committed to God by sacrifice and a human male baby being committed to God by circumcision would seem obvious although including the proscription against killing a mother and her offspring on the same day seems to muddy that water a bit.

The offering of oxen and sheep was to take place after eight days with a beast’s mother. The eighth day is a significant time in Bible reckoning for sanctification and offering, setting something or someone apart for God. The Hebrew week was seven days, God’s number of completion after the seven days of creation.

Note the following verses;

Leviticus 9:1  And it came to pass on the eighth day, that Moses called Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel…12:3  And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised…14:10  And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, and one log of oil…14:23  And he shall bring them on the eighth day for his cleansing unto the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, before the LORD…15:14  And on the eighth day he shall take to him two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and give them unto the priest…15:29  And on the eighth day she shall take unto her two turtles, or two young pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation …23:36  Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein…23:39  Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.

Numbers 6:10  And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation…7:54  On the eighth day offered Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur, prince of the children of Manasseh…29:35  On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly: ye shall do no servile work therein:

1Kings 8:66  On the eighth day he sent the people away: and they blessed the king, and went unto their tents joyful and glad of heart for all the goodness that the LORD had done for David his servant, and for Israel his people.

2Chronicles 7:9  And in the eighth day they made a solemn assembly: for they kept the dedication of the altar seven days, and the feast seven days…29:17  Now they began on the first day of the first month to sanctify, and on the eighth day of the month came they to the porch of the LORD: so they sanctified the house of the LORD in eight days; and in the sixteenth day of the first month they made an end.

Nehemiah 8:18  Also day by day, from the first day unto the last day, he read in the book of the law of God. And they kept the feast seven days; and on the eighth day was a solemn assembly, according unto the manner.

Ezekiel 43:27  And when these days are expired, it shall be, that upon the eighth day, and so forward, the priests shall make your burnt offerings upon the altar, and your peace offerings; and I will accept you, saith the Lord GOD.

Luke 1:59  And it came to pass, that on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they called him Zacharias, after the name of his father.

Acts 7:8  And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.

Philippians 3:5  Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee;

In any event, God reinforces that the Hebrews are to take what He says and these rules seriously. Verse 29 demands that they offer the sacrifice of thanksgiving of their own free will. We have this sentiment of the voluntary nature of an offering expressed in the New Testament as well in the context of raising money to assist struggling churches.

Paul wrote;

 

2Corinthians 9:1 ¶  For as touching the ministering to the saints, it is superfluous for me to write to you: 2  For I know the forwardness of your mind, for which I boast of you to them of Macedonia, that Achaia was ready a year ago; and your zeal hath provoked very many. 3  Yet have I sent the brethren, lest our boasting of you should be in vain in this behalf; that, as I said, ye may be ready: 4  Lest haply if they of Macedonia come with me, and find you unprepared, we (that we say not, ye) should be ashamed in this same confident boasting. 5  Therefore I thought it necessary to exhort the brethren, that they would go before unto you, and make up beforehand

your bounty, whereof ye had notice before, that the same might be ready, as a matter of bounty, and not as of covetousness.

 

    6 ¶  But this I say, He which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also bountifully. 7  Every man according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give; not grudgingly, or of necessity: for God loveth a cheerful giver. 8  And God is able to make all grace abound toward you; that ye, always having all sufficiency in all things, may abound to every good work: 9  (As it is written, He hath dispersed abroad; he hath given to the poor: his righteousness remaineth for ever. 10  Now he that ministereth seed to the sower both minister bread for your food, and multiply your seed sown, and increase the fruits of your righteousness;) 11  Being enriched in every thing to all bountifulness, which causeth through us thanksgiving to God. 12  For the administration of this service not only supplieth the want of the saints, but is abundant also by many thanksgivings unto God; 13  Whiles by the experiment of this ministration they glorify God for your professed subjection unto the gospel of Christ, and for your liberal distribution unto them, and unto all men; 14  And by their prayer for you, which

long after you for the exceeding grace of God in you. 15  Thanks be unto God for his unspeakable gift.

 

For verse 32 we should ask how is God’s name hallowed by His people? God’s name is hallowed among God’s people by their obedience in acknowledging His authority over them. 

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