Friday, August 6, 2021

Romans 16:3-27 comments: Paul ends his letter to the Romans (trouble with copying and pasting from Word, my apologies)

 Romans 16:3¶ Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus: 4 Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. 5 Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ. 6 Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us. 7 Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me. 8 Greet Amplias my beloved in the Lord. 9 Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ, and Stachys my beloved. 10 Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus' household. 11 Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord. 12 Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord. 13 Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine. 14 Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them. 15 Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them. 16 Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Priscilla and Aquila were comrades in arms of Paul, so to speak. See Acts.

Acts 18:1 ¶  After these things Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth; 2  And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla; (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome:) and came unto them. 3  And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought: for by their occupation they were tentmakers…24 ¶  And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to Ephesus. 25  This man was instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in the spirit, he spake and taught diligently the things of the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John. 26  And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue: whom when Aquila and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly.

They have a church body that meets in their home, as churches did at the first.

Epaenetus is mentioned only hear as perhaps the first person saved in Achaia, in Paul’s work in Greece, even Corinth.

We don’t know who this Mary is and this must have been a common name.

Andronicus and Junia is interesting because the verse says that they were of note among the apostles. Traditional Bible scholars and the Greek Orthodox Church holds them up as apostles, sent ones, ordained by the early churches.  Adronicus became the bishop or pastor of Pannonia and both he and Junia, who traditionally is said to be a woman and only much later thought might be a man, were supposedly martyred. Other equally important commentators simply say that they were noted as important by the apostles that Jesus had selected.

Amplias in verse 8 is only mentioned here but is from tradition a noteworthy Christian. He is considered one of the seventy disciples by the Eastern Orthodox Church and is thought to have been the Bishop of Odessos or Varna in present day Bulgaria.

Although the names mentioned are often mentioned only once in the Bible some commentators report that those names are listed in inscriptions of the imperial household so they may be servants or employees of the imperial household whom Paul was able to reach for Christ.

Rufus may or may not have been the son of Simon the Cyrenian who carried Christ’s Cross as per Mark 15:21.

Fundamentalists should pay close attention to verse 16. We do not customarily in the U.S. see heterosexual men kissing one another as we do in places like France, Italy, and Russia. You have no problem forgoing this Bible command and yet will dig up others out of context to apply to everyone else.

Romans 16:17¶ Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them. 18 For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. 19 For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil. 20 And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen.

We all know that there are people who like to cause divisions in a church body or in any group to which they belong, including their own families. These ‘drama queens’ love to start stuff. Often they will being into a church false beliefs like the “Sovereign Citizen” movement in the U.S. or some variation of racism, misogyny or contempt for women, and some kind of rule structure they’ve created, maybe copying a preacher they worship instead of God. They will work to undermine anyone in authority or with responsibility in a church and they have to have their own way because to them that is the only right way.

This warning from Paul is classic. For it is by good words and fair speeches they try to divide a church. This is also a warning against preaching that goes against the doctrines that Paul has set forth for Christians. Gnosticism, Christian mysticism, and Christian cults were a constant problem throughout history.

Notice verse 20 and compare it to Genesis 3:15.

Genesis 3:15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

Romans 16:21¶ Timotheus my workfellow, and Lucius, and Jason, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you.

Romans 16:22¶ I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord.

Tertius was a common slave name meaning third. Paul often did not write his own letters but had an amanuensis or secretary write them. It is possible that Paul’s eyesight was permanently affected by his encounter with Christ on the Road to Damascus. But it was not uncommon for speakers to have someone put their words to paper or parchment in history.

Romans 16:23¶ Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. 24 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.

Based on the traditional postscript to this letter, it was written from Corinth. These people were converts from that city extending their greetings and good wishes through Paul’s letter. Erastus is mentioned in Acts 19 and in 2Timothy 4. He must have been important to Paul.

Quartus, another slave name, means four.

Romans 16:25¶ Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, 26 But now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith: 27 To God only wise, be glory through Jesus Christ for ever. Amen. (Written to the Romans from Corinthus, and sent by Phebe servant of the church at Cenchrea.)

The understanding of God coming to earth to live as one of us, as God in the flesh, called the Son of God, was not revealed before His advent in the way that His being here physically in the flesh revealed. Although there are many Old Testament verses and prophecies that predict Christ they were shrouded in mystery and metaphor with a few exceptions.

 

But now He has been revealed and mankind has no excuse to make for themselves.

 

Acts 17:30 And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: 31 Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.

So, the letter to the Romans, a very complicated legal treatise in a manner of speaking, ends.

 

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