Friday, June 11, 2021

Romans, chapter 13, comments: of legitimate government authority and personal behavior

 


Romans 13:1 ¶  Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God. 2  Whosoever therefore resisteth the power,  resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation. 3  For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be  afraid of the power? do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same: 4  For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid;  for he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil. 5  Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for  wrath, but also for conscience sake. 6  For for this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually upon this very thing.

 

For verse 1 let us remember what Jesus said to Pilate.

 

John 19:11  Jesus answered, Thou couldest have no power at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto thee hath the greater sin.

 

This should give us some evidence of reality and tie us to it in our thinking but unfortunately, for American and those who consider themselves conservative Christians it usually does not.

 

There were no so-called Christian countries when this was written and no constitutions to protect the rights of Christians. This appeal is under pagan governmental authority. God works through heathen leaders to punish evildoers. That is the only legitimate authority of government. We make a mistake if we look at Joseph and his pharaoh’s administration of Egypt under a crisis as our model for government just because it is in the Bible and not condemned.

 

Here, paying taxes to legitimate governmental authority is commanded for the Christian. We must also remember that as brutal as governments were in these times they were not near so as intrusive in every aspect of a person’s life as our government is today telling us even what we are permitted to eat and drink or do privately.

 

There is also a corresponding principle not to obey man by disobeying God as laid out in Acts with Peter and company’s encounter with authority.

 

Acts 5:29  Then Peter and the other apostles answered and said, We ought to obey God rather than men.

 

It must also be said that you are not justified in disobedience to governmental authority standing on a principle you’ve made up using the Bible as your excuse. Christians must be careful of their rebellious spirit. You have neither a legal nor Biblical right to maintain a working howitzer in your front yard to terrorize your neighbors and let the ‘gubmint’ know you mean business.

 

It is our duty to try to live in peace with all men, working with our own hands, minding our own business, and doing God’s work for us as we will see in Paul’s letters upcoming. We need to pray for our wicked leaders to be saved but we also need to not use Christ as an excuse to rebel against them when rebelling is necessary based on the contract we have with those wicked leaders through the Constitution they abuse and disregard. Thank God for the Bill of Rights! Yes, there is a time for rebellion, for revolution even, but let us not confuse the cause of Christ in drawing all men to Him with our fight for our political rights under an oppressive regime.

 

Romans 13:7 ¶  Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour. 8  Owe no man any thing, but to love one another; for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. 9  For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 10  Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.

 

This passage starts out with a call to pay legitimate taxes, tribute to whom tribute is due. It is also a clear call to respect legitimate authority.  The Law given to Moses is then distilled to show us what is important, obedience to God’s standards of righteousness. There are several cross-references to previous statements which we have already discussed, statements made by Jesus Himself and the Apostles.

 

Matthew 17:24 ¶  And when they were come to Capernaum, they that received tribute money came to Peter, and said, Doth not your master pay tribute? 25  He saith, Yes. And when he was come into the house, Jesus prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? of whom do the kings of the earth take custom or tribute? of their own children, or of strangers? 26  Peter saith unto him, Of strangers. Jesus saith unto him, Then are the children free. 27  Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go thou to the sea, and cast an hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a piece of money: that take, and give unto them for me and thee.

 

In the context of fearing God Peter commands that we honor the king, and there were no Christian kings at that time.

 

1Peter 2:17  Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king.

 

In verse 8 loving another as the fulfillment of the Law is noted as in the following;

 

Galatians 5:14  For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.

 

What follows defines loving another by not committing these acts egregious to God against them. This is a retelling of the Law given to Moses that Paul wants to impress upon the Christian.

 

The fulfillment of the Law, according to Paul, writing through the understanding and wisdom given to him by the Holy Spirit of God, is in that we do no harm to our neighbor. This is the fulfilling of the Law. Jesus made this type of statement as well.

 

Matthew 22:35  Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying, 36  Master, which is the great commandment in the law? 37  Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.

38  This is the first and great commandment. 39  And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. 40  On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.

 

This does not wash well with those who must dominate others and those who believe they have a right to harm, to oppress, to take, and to control. Those people can hardly be Christians.

 

Love, not working harm, underscores and illuminates the purpose of the part of the Ten Commandments that deals with interactions with other people. Think of that when considering the full force of a command like not committing adultery or not stealing. Doing no harm is the essence of those commandments. So, you cannot obey these commandments by harming someone and say you are doing it out of love.

 

To those people who manipulate Bible verses to justify their own depredations on others weaker than themselves this should be a slap in the face. If you are causing someone pain, emotional or physical, in regard to these specific commands then you are not obeying God, your rationalizations notwithstanding.

 

Romans 13:11 ¶  And that, knowing the time, that now it is high time to awake out of sleep: for now is our salvation nearer than when we believed. 12  The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light. 13  Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying. 14  But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts thereof.

 

We are all told to be expecting the Lord’s return at any moment. See Titus.

 

Titus 2:13  Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;

 

Paul, like Christians in every age, believes it is very close. The reference to night is very interesting.

 

John 9: 4  I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work.  5  As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world.

 

Jesus claims that the time He has on earth is a time of light and day, but night is coming. Modern versions say We  to start verse 4, instead of I  which takes the verse away from being a reference to Christ’s limited time on earth. It is Christ who is about to do something. The spiritual night we live in is coming.

John 13:26  Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. 27  And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly. 28  Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto him. 29  For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus had said unto him, Buy those things that we have need of against the feast; or, that he should give something to the poor. 30  He then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was night.

Paul also wrote;

1Thessalonians 5:5  Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness.

Peter wrote;

2Peter 3:10  But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in the which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shall be burned up.

As Christ’s resurrection was revealed in the morning, we are waiting for Christ’s return for us, for the morning light to peek over the horizon;

Genesis 1:5  And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.

Psalm 30:4  Sing unto the LORD, O ye saints of his, and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. 5  For his anger endureth but a moment; in his favour is life: weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning.

Psalm 130:6  My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning: I say, more than they that watch for the morning.

2Peter 1:19  We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:

Jesus was the particular and special light of the world of men while He was in the world. No one living then, other than Him, could have forseen the power over human civilization that His presence was to have. Without His existence in the form of a human we would be lost. It was that visitation that set the stage for our salvation.

John 1:4  In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

John 8:12  Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.

Paul says to cast off the works of darkness. He lists them in Ephesians 5 by no means suggesting that those mentioned are all there are.

 

Ephesians 5:1 ¶  Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; 2  And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to

God for a sweetsmelling savour.

 

    3 ¶  But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints; 4  Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks. 5  For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. 6  Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. 7  Be not ye therefore partakers with them. 8  For ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord: walk as children of light: 9  (For the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth;) 10  Proving what is acceptable unto the Lord. 11  And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. 12  For it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret. 13  But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light. 14  Wherefore he saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. 15  See then that ye walk circumspectly, not as fools, but as wise, 16  Redeeming the time, because the days are evil. 17  Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord is. 18  And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit; 19  Speaking to yourselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord; 20  Giving thanks always for all things unto God and the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;

 

Paul tells the Christian to put on the armour of light, likely a reference to the light provided by Christ. As John notes;

 

1John 2:8  Again, a new commandment I write unto you, which thing is true in him and in you: because the darkness is past, and the true light now shineth.

 

The whole armour of God which we might link with the armour of light is defined in Ephesians 6.

 

Ephesians 6:10 ¶  Finally, my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his might. 11  Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12  For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. 13  Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. 14  Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; 15  And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; 16  Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. 17  And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: 18  Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;

 

Chambering and wantonness are two words that we no longer typically use. They refer to sexual sins and unrestrained lust, two very common weaknesses of mankind even today. A Christian is supposed to restrain the baser impulses of the flesh. There are good and proper paths for sexual fulfillment with a spouse but these are references to immoderate obsessions, like those that characterize modern man. Only in those days they were also connected, as we will see in Corinthians, to religion.

 

 

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