5:21
¶ And Enoch lived sixty and five years,
and begat Methuselah: 22 And Enoch
walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons
and daughters: 23 And all the days of
Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years: 24 And Enoch walked with God: and he was not;
for God took him.
Here
is a foundational verse, number 24, for belief in the Translation of the church, popularly called ‘The Rapture’ since the
1800’s. The Bible uses Interpretation
for our modern thought of translating one word in one language into a word in
another language, much like we use the word “interpreter” for someone at the UN
with headphones on translating what the Russian ambassador said into English.
This definition it uses as well as the interpreting of dreams.
John
1:42 And he brought him to Jesus. And
when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be
called Cephas, which is by interpretation,
A stone.
John
9:7 And said unto him, Go, wash in the
pool of Siloam, (which is by interpretation,
Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came seeing.
Acts
9:36 Now there was at Joppa a certain
disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation
is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and almsdeeds which she
did.
Translation
is to move something from one place to another, as Enoch was removed by God
from the earth alive, missing the judgment on the earth to come.
Hebrews
11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see
death; and was not found, because God had translated
him: for before his translation
he had this testimony, that he pleased God.
Much
of the belief in the translation of the church is founded based on verses in
Paul’s letters and in Revelation. The doctrine begins here with Enoch, however.
In
the Revelation at the end of the Bible the apostle John is brought to heaven
for the express purpose of being shown things he nor you and I can see from
earth. These are not visions from a trance. This is a forceable removal from
one place to another, a translation,
as one definition of that word is.
Verse
1 of Chapter 4 in Revelation is often linked with the doctrine known today as The Rapture which Biblically is called
the Translation, which in English
also means to transport something from one place to another. John, a type of
the church, is removed to Heaven. But, in our time, when does that happen? This
will be a question that must be answered. Rapture
comes from a form of the Latin rapto,
to seize violently and carry away, as in the Latin Bibles in;
Matthew
11:12 And from the days of John the
Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent
take it by force.
MAT11.12
a diebus autem Iohannis Baptistae usque nunc regnum caelorum vim patitur et
violenti rapiunt illud.[1]
The
Greek word harpazo for take it by force is also the word used
in 1Thessalonians 4:17 as shall be caught
up. This is not the general resurrection of the good and the bad spoken of
by Daniel in 12:2. This is a forceful removal, a translation. All that being said, it is more important what the
Bible says in English than in Latin or Greek.
It
is important to note that doctrine exists even if the majority of people do not
understand or believe it. If it is true, it simply is, regardless of opinion.
As an example, the early church was premillennial, in that they believed in
chiliasm (kill e as um), believing that Christ would return to rule physically
on earth for a thousand years. Historical writers like Will Durant, in his epic
eleven volume The Story of Civilization
noted this.
“The
apostles were apparently unanimous in believing that Christ would soon return
to establish the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.”[2]
With this belief came the understanding that the
church itself, the people, would be removed or translated from the world before
Christ’s return, based on several verses in the Bible beginning with Enoch
being physically removed without dying in verse 24;
24 And Enoch walked with God: and he was not;
for God took him.
Three times this
translation of Enoch is mentioned in one verse;
Hebrews
11:5 By faith Enoch was translated that
he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for
before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.
Three
times; in Proverbs 25:7; Revelation 4:1; and 11:12 the phrase come up hither, here, is used;
Proverbs
25:7 For better it is that it be said
unto thee, Come up hither; than that thou shouldest be put lower in the
presence of the prince whom thine eyes have seen.
Revelation
4:1 After this I looked, and, behold, a
door was opened in heaven: and the first voice which I heard was as it were of
a trumpet talking with me; which said, Come up hither, and I will shew thee
things which must be hereafter.
Revelation
11:12 And they heard a great voice from
heaven saying unto them, Come up hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a
cloud; and their enemies beheld them.
Luke 17:34-36 and the
passages in Matthew 24 but are often used as evidence of it;
Luke
17:34 I tell you, in that night there
shall be two men in one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be
left. 35 Two women shall be grinding
together; the one shall be taken, and the other left. 36 Two men shall be in the field; the one shall
be taken, and the other left.
1Thessalonians 4:13-17;
13
¶ But I would not have you to be
ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even
as others which have no hope. 14 For if
we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in
Jesus will God bring with him. 15 For
this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and
remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. 16 For the Lord himself shall descend from
heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of
God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: 17 Then we which are alive and remain shall be
caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so
shall we ever be with the Lord. 18
Wherefore comfort one another with these words.
In
the next letter Paul warns the Thessalonians that something has to happen
before this. First there is a great falling away in the church, away from
Christ, then the Beast is revealed.
2Thessalonians
2: 1 ¶ Now we beseech you, brethren, by
the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, and by our gathering together unto him,
2 That ye be not soon shaken in mind, or
be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that
the day of Christ is at hand.
3
¶ Let no man deceive you by any means:
for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away [Jeremiah
37:13 – going over to the enemy] first, and that man of sin be revealed, the
son of perdition; 4 Who opposeth and
exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that
he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God. 5 Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with
you, I told you these things? 6 And now
ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. 7 For the mystery of iniquity doth already
work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.
8 And then shall that Wicked be
revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall
destroy with the brightness of his coming: 9
Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and
signs and lying wonders, 10 And with all
deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received
not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. 11 And for this cause God shall send them strong
delusion, that they should believe a lie: 12
That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had
pleasure in unrighteousness.
Notice
John the Baptist’s apocalyptic warning to the Pharisees and Sadducees and the
Jews.
Matthew
3:7 ¶ But when he saw many of the
Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of
vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8 Bring forth
therefore fruits meet for repentance: 9
And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father:
for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto
Abraham. 10 And now also the axe is laid
unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good
fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. 11
I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh
after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall
baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire: 12 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will
throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will
burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.
And note Paul’s
declaration to the church.
1Thessalonians
1:10 And to wait for his Son from
heaven, whom he raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come.
Revelation
6:16 And said to the mountains and
rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne,
and from the wrath of the Lamb:17 For
the great day of his wrath is come; and who shall be able to stand?
In
the following a sequence of events is given; the wrath of God, the judgment of
the dead, and eternity but the Bible is not written like the owner’s manual for
your computer or car so try not to view it as meaning that one comes strictly
after another rather than the mention here being to what is happening at the
end of human history in a more general sense.
Revelation
11:12 And they heard a great voice from heaven saying unto them, Come up
hither. And they ascended up to heaven in a cloud; and their enemies beheld
them…18 And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the
dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy
servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small
and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth.
Further
evidence is supplied by the following verses from Paul to the Corinthian church.
We shall not all sleep with sleep being used as a reference to death
as in the narrative of Lazarus’ resurrection by Jesus in John 11. The rapture or
translation of the church is said to take place at the last trumpet, with the
trumpets following the seventh seal, but the sixth seal is said to be the time
of Christ’s wrath, as we will see, so this is a general statement of events
happening in a general timeframe so I would not set my clock by it. I think
that it is clear that the church will not see or experience this horrible
period of time and will be translated before it begins leaving an unbelieving
world of men and women behind. As Christ said to His disciples just remember
when something happens that He told you it would and don’t try to set a date.
1Corinthians
15:51 ¶ Behold, I shew you a mystery; We
shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall
sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
53 For this corruptible must put on
incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
The
error of modernism is reading the Bible like a textbook as I have shown
repeatedly. God is under no compunction to provide you with a schedule of
events and times that constrict when He can or cannot do something. Generally,
we can be assured that the church will not experience the following terrors
from the perspective of the unsaved world of men.
Back to Revelation 11 and
the timing of this at the last trump before the vials.
Revelation
11:15 And the seventh angel sounded; and
there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are
become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever
and ever.
There
is a period of time in there where the translation or rapture occurs and the
marriage supper of the Lamb and then the return of Christ with the glorified believers,
both Jew and Gentile, all the church.
Hebrews
12:23 To the general assembly and church
of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and
to the spirits of just men made perfect,…
Writings
of early church leaders, some admittedly of disputed authenticity, others of
uncertain translation and background texts, that have come down to us
expressing belief in the premillennial return of the Lord include writings
attributed to Papias, Shepard, Irenaeus, Lactantius, Victorinus, Cyprian,
Ephraim the Syrite, Commodianus, Origen, Tertullian, and Justin Martyr. While
some of them also include implications and clear statements that the church
will not see the wrath to come but
will be removed beforehand others are ambiguous and uncertain in meaning.
- Shepard of
Hermas (apocryphal writing) 150 AD
- The writer,
after escaping a huge terrifying beast with four colors on its head
(white, red, black and gold), met a virgin in his vision. "like a
bride going froth from a bride-chamber, all in white...I recognized from
the former visions that it was the church." the virgin explained that
she escaped destruction from the beast (the Great Tribulation) because of
God's special deliverance. "Thou hast escaped a great tribulation
because thou hast believed and at the sight of such a huge beast hast not
doubted. Go therefore and declare to the Elect of the Lord His mighty
deeds and say to them that this beast is a type of the great tribulation
which is to come. If ye therefore prepare yourselves and with your whole
heart turn to the Lord in repentance, then shall ye be able to escape it,
if your heart is pure and blameless." After explaining to him that
"the golden color stands for you who have escaped from this
world," the virgin concluded her messages with, "Now ye know the
symbol of the great tribulation to come. But if ye are willing, it shall
be nothing."
- Victorinus 240AD
- Commentary on
the Apocalypse 6.14 - "'And the heaven withdrew as a scroll that is
rolled up.' For the heaven to be rolled way, that is, that the Church
shall be taken away. "And the mountain and the islands were moved
from their places." Mountains and islands removed from their places
intimate that in the last persecution all men departed from their places;
that is, that the good will be removed, seeking to avoid the
persecution."
- Commentary on
the Apocalypse 15.1 - "And I saw another great and wonderful sign,
seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is
completed the indignation of God.' For the wrath of God always
strikes the obstinate people with seven plagues, that is, perfectly, as it
is said in Leviticus; and these shall be in the last time, when the
Church shall have gone out of the midst."
- Cyprian 250 AD
- Epistle 55 -
The Antichrist is coming, but above him comes Christ also. The
enemy goeth about and rageth, but immediately the Lord follows to avenge
our suffering and our wounds. The adversary is enraged and threatens, but
there is One who can deliver us from his hands." It is
significant that he did not write about enduring the persecution of the
Antichrist. Rather, Cyprian promised that Christ "is One who can
deliver us from his hands."
- Cyprian
Speaking of the immanency of the Rapture, he wrote, "Who would not
crave to be changed and transformed into the likeness of Christ and to
arrive more quickly to the dignity of heavenly glory." After telling
his readers that the coming resurrection was the hope of the Christian, he
points out that the Rapture should motivate us as we see the last days
approaching. Cyprian says that "we who see that terrible things have
begun, and know that still more terrible things are imminent, may regard
it as the greatest advantage to depart from it as quickly as
possible." Referring to his hope of the approaching Rapture, he
encouraged his readers as follows: "Do you not give God thanks, do
you not congratulate yourself, that by an early departure you are taken
away, and delivered from the shipwrecks and disasters that are
imminent?" Cyprian concludes his comments on the translation of the
saints with these words: "Let us greet the day which assigns each of
us to his own home, which snatches us hence, and sets us free from
the snares of the world, and restores us to paradise and the kingdom"
(Treatises of Cyprian - 21 to 26?).
- Ephraim the
Syrian
373 AD
- On The Last
Times 2 - ...because all saints and the elect of the LORD are
gathered together before the Tribulation which is about to come and
be taken to the LORD...
Now, with regard to their looking for
a future fulfillment of prophecy as found in the apocalyptic books of the
Bible;
- Papias 70-155
- Fragment 6 - After
the resurrection of the dead, Jesus will personally reign for 1000 years.
He was taught this by the apostle John himself.
- Justin
Martyr 110-165
- Dialogue 32 -
The man of Sin, spoken of by Daniel, will rule two times and a half,
before the second advent.
- Dialogue 110
- The man of apostasy, who speaks strange things against the Most High,
shall venture to do unlawful deeds on the earth against us, the
Christians.
- Irenaeus
178 AD
- Against
Heresies 4.26 - Daniel the prophet says "Shut up the words, and seal
the book even to the time of consummation, until many learn, and knowledge
be completed. For at that time, when the dispersion shall be accomplished,
they shall know all these things."
- Against
Heresies 5.25 - In 2 Thessalonians the falling away is an apostasy and
there will be a literal rebuilt temple. In Matthew, 24 the
"abomination spoken by Daniel" is the antichrist setting in the
temple as if he were Christ. The abomination will start in the middle of
Daniel's 70th week and last for a literal 3 years and six months. The
little (11th) horn is the Antichrist.
- Against
Heresies 5.26 - The Roman Empire will first be divided and then be
dissolved. Ten kings will arise from what used to be the Roman empire. The
Antichrist slays three of the kings and is then the eighth king among
them. The kings will destroy Babylon then give the Babylonian kingdom to the
beast and put the church to flight. After that they will be destroyed by
the coming of the Lord. Daniel's horns are the same as the ten toes. The
toes being part of iron and clay mean some will be active and strong while
others weak and inactive and the kings will not agree with each other.
- Against
Heresies 5.27 - In Matthew 24, the two men one taken and the other left
does not refer to the rapture but second coming. They are taken to never
ending fire.
- Against
Heresies 5.30 - The Name of the Antichrist equals 666 if spelled out in
Greek. Do not even try to find out the name until the ten kings arise. The
Antichrist shall be from the tribe of Dan. That is why the tribe of Dan is
not mentioned in the apocalypse. The fourth kingdom seen by Daniel is
Rome. Titan is one Greek word that comes out to 666. The rebuilt temple
will be in Jerusalem.
- Against
Heresies 5.35 - The resurrection of the Just takes place after the
destruction of the Antichrist and all nations under his rule. Many
believers will make it through the tribulation and replenish the earth. In
the resurrection we will have fellowship and communion with the holy
angels, and union with spiritual beings. The new heavens and earth are
created and then the new Jerusalem descends. These are all literal things,
and Christians who allegorize them are immature Christians.
- Tertullian 190-210 AD
- Marcion 3.25
- Millennial rain, resurrection, and the New Jerusalem are literal. In the
resurrection we shall then be changed in a moment into the substance of angels
- Marcion 5.16
- The Anti-Christ will be a real man and set in a real temple.
- Treatise of
the Soul 1.50 Enoch and Elias will come back to die. They are the two
witnesses of Revelation.
- Origen 230 AD
- Against
Celsus
- Against
Celsus
- Against
Celsus
- Commodianus: 240 AD
- 35 -
Resurrection is at the end of the 6000 years.
- 41 -
Antichrist notes
- 43 - End
of the age
- 44 - The
first resurrection. those who were not martyred under the antichrist will
marry and have children during the 1000 years. no rains, snow, cold during
the 1000yrs.
- 80 -
Resurrection of the body will be when six thousand years are completed,
and after the 1000 years when the world has come to an end.
- Lactantius 285 AD
- Divine
Institutes
- Divine
Institutes 7:16-17 – end times… very good…
- Divine
Institutes
- Divine
Institutes
- Divine
Institutes 7:26 – After 100yrs (7000yrs) at battle of Gog the sun stands
still for 3 days. Righteous hid in the mountains then come out, all evil
is gone. No more nations. 7 years the woods are untouched. Burn arms of the
nations.
- Epitome
of Divine Institutes 71 – the last times: - very good…
- Epitome
of Divine Institutes 72 – literal 1000yr reign.
·
Hippolytus; Fragment 8:
And what am I to say with respect to men, when the very elements themselves will disown their order? There will be earthquakes in every city, and plagues in every country; and monstrous thunderings and frightful lightnings will burn up both houses and fields. Storms of winds will disturb both sea and land excessively; and there will be unfruitfulness on the earth, and a roaring in the sea, and an intolerable agitation on account of souls and the destruction of men. There will be signs in the sun, and signs in the moon, deflections in the stars, distresses of nations, intemperateness in the atmosphere, discharges of hail upon the face of the earth, winters of excessive severity, different frosts, inexorable scorching winds, unexpected thunderings, unlooked-for conflagrations; and in general, lamentation and mourning in the whole earth, without consolation. For, "because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold." By reason of the agitation and confusion of all these, the Lord of the universe cries in the Gospel, saying, "Take heed that ye be not deceived; for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ, and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them. But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not yet by and by." Let us observe the word of the Savior, how He always admonished us with a view to our security: "Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ."
And what am I to say with respect to men, when the very elements themselves will disown their order? There will be earthquakes in every city, and plagues in every country; and monstrous thunderings and frightful lightnings will burn up both houses and fields. Storms of winds will disturb both sea and land excessively; and there will be unfruitfulness on the earth, and a roaring in the sea, and an intolerable agitation on account of souls and the destruction of men. There will be signs in the sun, and signs in the moon, deflections in the stars, distresses of nations, intemperateness in the atmosphere, discharges of hail upon the face of the earth, winters of excessive severity, different frosts, inexorable scorching winds, unexpected thunderings, unlooked-for conflagrations; and in general, lamentation and mourning in the whole earth, without consolation. For, "because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold." By reason of the agitation and confusion of all these, the Lord of the universe cries in the Gospel, saying, "Take heed that ye be not deceived; for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ, and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them. But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not yet by and by." Let us observe the word of the Savior, how He always admonished us with a view to our security: "Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ."
- Victorinus 240 AD
- Commentary on
Revelation 2 - Allow fornication on a "pretext for Mercy," the
name written on the white stone is "Christian" granting
"unlawful peace" over new forms of Prophecy.
- Commentary on
Revelation 4 - Rainbow above god's head is red and blue symbolize the
judgments of water and fire. 24 elders are the 12 Apostles and 12 Patriarchs.
- Commentary on
Revelation 6 - Heaven withdrawing like a scroll is the church taken away.
- Commentary on
Revelation 7 - Angel ascending is Elijah. 7 angels (Shepards) are attack
the antichrists kingdom. Babylon is the ruined Roman kingdom. Do not look to
the order of Revelation, the vials and trumpets are the same events.
- Commentary on
Revelation 11 - great wings given to the woman are the two prophets and
those who help her.
- Commentary on
Revelation 13 - 2nd beast is the false prophet.
This
does not prove, of course, that either doctrine is true but just that they are
not new doctrines, either the premillennial view or the translation of the
church, but that these early church leaders, the viewpoint of the Apostles who
knew Christ, and the Scriptures can point in this direction.
The
dominant viewpoint of the Roman Catholic Church after Augustine was that there
was no millennium, in that references to a thousand year reign were allegorical
and that the Roman church was ruling the world in Christ’s place as his proxy.
The Reformation called that into doubt. The dominant viewpoint in early America
up to the turn of the 20th century among evangelical Protestants was
called postmillennial, in that the church would rule the world with Christ
reigning spiritually through it, as men became more righteous and more
Christian in appearance and practice.
The
American Theological Review, in 1859, said that postmillennialism, whereby a
millennium would be set up and the religion of Christ would be everywhere and,
“his spiritual reign would be universal,” and that would be followed by
Christ’s physical return was the, “commonly received doctrine,” in the 1800’s.
While admitting that this was not what the early church believed, as the early
church said and we believe, He will return first to rule and then the
millennium, the thousand year reign, will come, the author goes on to say that
the early church was simply wrong.[3]
Christians
today who do not believe in the Translation of the church, popularly called The Rapture, will say that preacher of
the early 1800’s, John Nelson Darby, invented the doctrine. He did popularize
it in a world that regarded evolutionary progress as truth and that mankind and
Christians in particular were headed toward a Golden Age of righteousness and peace.[4]
But,
Darby obviously did not invent the doctrine, merely gave it his own twist. As
John Reeve wrote two centuries before
Darby’s, in the 1600’s, “Then shall the Elect, by the Decree or Voice of Jesus
Christ, the Archangel, first appear
out of the Graves, and, in the twinkling of an Eye, with all the Elect that are
then living, as one Man, with a glorious Shout, shall, with distinct immortal
Bodies, like unto their God, ascend to meet the Lord in the Air, and with him
and his mighty angels, as swift as Thought, enter into that vast new Heaven and new Earth above the Stars….[5]
My
intent here is not to approve of any preacher’s particular doctrines or idiosyncrasies
or even personal opinions or heresies but simply to show that the doctrine of
The Rapture was not invented by Darby, as some would say. Only the timing of
when it would happen, before the Great Tribulation mentioned in Matthew and
Revelation, during, or at the end of it were in contention among those that
believed in it. Although I have not read his work there is supposedly another
pretribulation rapture commentator named Morgan Edwards from the century prior
to Darby.
Other
references to the idea of the church being physically removed are from such
diverse preachers and commentators as Jesuit priest, Francisco Ribera, in 1590,
Puritan Cotton Mather in the 1600’s, and John Gill in the 1700’s.[6] In the first decade of the 1700’s Matthew
Henry even uses the phrase, “rapture in the clouds,” in his commentary on 1Thessalonians
4:17 which is so commonly free on the internet I don’t need to give you
directions here.
Again,
the issue is when that happens and how close it is to the general judgment of
the dead. Darby’s view was that it must take place before the return of Christ.
The Bible seems to indicate that then there is the thousand-year reign of
Christ and the general judgment follows.
My
point in bringing all of this up is to only say that a doctrine can exist in
the Bible and either be misunderstood, not be known by most believers, or that
those against it or for it may misrepresent it to justify their own beliefs.
The Jews believed that Israel would be restored to its past greatness, not
seeing the Cross or the Resurrection of their Messiah. Many Christians believed
they would turn the world over to Christian principles and values without
Christ present. We must always remember that our understanding is incomplete
until we stand before our Saviour.
[1] (2012-02-03).
The Latin and English Parallel Bible (Vulgate and KJV) (Kindle Location 74453).
Latus ePublishing. Kindle Edition.)
[2] Will
Durant, “The Apostles: A.D. 30-95,” The Story of Civilization:Volume 3, Caesar
and Christ (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1944), 575.
[3] Henry
Boynton Smith, ”History of Opinions Respecting the Millennium,” The American Theological Review (Boston:
Charles Scribner & Son, 1859), 642.
[4] J.N.
Darby, “The Rapture of the Saints,” in The
Heavenly Hope, or, What is the Hope of the Christian? What is the Hope of the
Church? (Dublin: Dublin Tract Repository, 1844).
[5]
John Reeve, “An Epistle to a Kinsman,” in Joyful
News from Heaven (London: Francis Cosinet, 1658), 60.https://openlibrary.org/works/OL245574W/Joyful_news_from_heaven_or_The_last_intelligence_from_our_glorified_Jesus_above_the_stars
[6] Mal
Couch, ed., Dictionary of Premillennial
Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1996).
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